This study aims to investigate the extent of imbalance in the use of inorganic fertilizers in Vietnam. Due to lack of basic information, the analysis only infers on the relationship between the use of inorganic fertilizers with increased pest occurrences, and hence increased pesticide use. Health effects of pesticide use on the producers and consumers are also investigated. This is done to illustrate the consequences of current government policies on use of pesticides. Studying and valuing the effect of current levels of agrochemical use on productivity and health will be an important input in formulating policy decisions to promote sustainable agriculture, and better quality of life in rural Vietnam.