Shifting cultivation, a farming practice on which majority of the upland population in the Lao People Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has been heavily dependent upon, was identified as the main cause of rapid deforestation in the country. To address the problem, a Land Use Planning and Land Allocation (LUP/LA) program has been implemented since the start of the 1990s. This study reviewed the LUP/LA policy and assessed the implementation of the program as well as its livelihood and environmental impacts. Research undertaken in two districts - at Xieng Ngeun district of Luangphabang province and at Namo district of Oudomxay province - showed the need for program improvement. Recommendations are provided to improve program implementation.